Lesson 10 - Advanced
Radd
When there is a remainder and how it is returned to eligible heirs.
When Radd applies
If fixed shares add up to less than the whole estate, and no residuary heir exists to claim the difference, that surplus does not simply disappear - it is returned (Radd) to the fixed-share heirs.
The spouse is excluded
Radd is distributed proportionally among the fixed-share heirs in the case, but never to the spouse - a husband or wife's share is fixed at its Qur'anic fraction and cannot grow through Radd, even if they are the only other heir present.
When there is no one to receive Radd
If the spouse is the only heir at all, the surplus is not distributed under this MVP - classically it would pass to distant kindred (dhawil al-arham) or the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal), both outside this MVP's scope.