Lesson 7 - Core Topic
Hajb (Blocking)
Understand the types of blocking rules and how heirs can be excluded.
Two kinds of blocking
Hajb comes in two forms: hajb bi al-wasf (blocking by description, such as differing religion or homicide - outside this MVP's scope) and hajb bi al-shakhs (blocking by the presence of a nearer person), which is what the calculator models.
Complete vs partial blocking
Complete blocking excludes an heir entirely - a living father blocks the paternal grandfather completely. Partial blocking reduces a share without eliminating it - the mother's 1/3 reduces to 1/6 when a descendant or two-or-more siblings are present, but she is never fully excluded.
The most important blocking rule in this MVP
The Hanafi position gives the father-figure (father, or the paternal grandfather in his absence) power to block every sibling - full, paternal half-, and maternal - along with everything below them in the residuary chain.