Lesson 5 - Core Topic
Children and Grandchildren
Shares of sons, daughters, and their children in different cases.
Daughters, with and without a son
A single daughter, with no son, takes a fixed 1/2. Two or more daughters, with no son, share a fixed 2/3. But the moment even one son is present, daughters lose their fixed share entirely and become residuary alongside him, at a 2:1 male-to-female ratio.
Son's children
A son's son and son's daughter step into the daughter's shoes only when there is no daughter and no son. If exactly one daughter is present (and no son's son), a son's daughter (or several) takes 1/6, completing the 2/3 pool for daughters as a class. If two or more daughters are already present, a son's daughter is blocked entirely - unless a son's son is present, in which case they become residuary together.
A son always blocks his own descendants
A living son blocks his own children (the deceased's grandchildren through him) from inheriting entirely - inheritance passes only to the nearer generation when it exists.